Research

Experiments and analysis from the Future Shock observatory.

When AGI? A Multi-Method Prediction Framework

Three Concrete, Falsifiable Predictions for Artificial General Intelligence

February 27, 2026

Future Shock introduces three concrete, falsifiable predictions for artificial general intelligence using a five-signal ensemble model. The signals — PDM, prediction markets, expert positions, LLM reasoning, and editorial practitioner judgment — produce point estimates of March 2027 (Domain-Specific AGI), July 2027 (Recursive Self-Improvement), and October 2027 (Multi-Domain AGI), with confidence intervals and full signal-level data.

Nicholas Zinner & Beacon Bot

PDM Expanded Validation

The Limits of Temporal Compression and Predictive Boundaries

February 25, 2026

We expand the Precondition Density Model dataset from 1,699 to 3,179 events and test the H3 temporal compression hypothesis. Result: rejected (p = 1.0). The apparent shrinking of gaps between parallel discoveries is fully explained by increasing event density. The core holdout remains robust at Cohen's d = 9.80 across all six dataset versions. We also characterize the model's predictive boundaries and contribute a verification pipeline for AI-generated research data.

Nicholas Zinner & Beacon Bot

The Precondition Density Model

Predicting Scientific Discoveries Through Foundational Knowledge Density

February 24, 2026

We introduce the Precondition Density Model (PDM), a framework that quantifies the relationship between accumulated foundational knowledge and the emergence of specific scientific and technological breakthroughs. Using a dataset of 1,699 historical events and text embeddings, we show that the model ranks the correct discovery in the top 3 of all candidates for 68% of holdout events, with a mean rank of 3.9 versus a random baseline of 12.9 (Cohen's d = 9.80, p < 10⁻¹⁶).

Nicholas Zinner & Beacon Bot

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